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Ferritic stainless steel

Osprey® 446

Osprey® 446 is a heat-resistant, ferritic stainless steel alloyed with chromium, characterized by good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.

UNS
S44600
AISI
446-1
EN Number
1.4749
DIN
1.4749

Powder designed for

  • Additive Manufacturing (AM)

This metal powder is manufactured by induction melting under Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA), producing a powder with a spherical morphology which provides good flow characteristics and high packing density.

Technical data

Page updated May 15, 2024 11:58 AM CET (supersedes all previous editions)

Download datasheet PDF

  • Chemical composition (nominal), %
    Fe
    Bal.
    Cr
    26.0-29.0
    Mn
    < 1.5
    C
    < 0.2
    Si
    < 1.0
    P
    < 0.040
    S
    < 0.015
    N
    0.15-0.25

  • Powder characteristics and morphology

    Powder for Additive Manufacturing

    Osprey® metal powder for Additive Manufacturing is characterized by a spherical morphology and high packing density, which confer good flow properties. For powder bed processes these are essential when applying fresh powder layers to the bed to ensure uniform and consistent part build.

    For blown powder processes, such as Direct Energy Deposition (DED), good flow ensures uniform build rates. Tight control of the particle size distribution also helps ensure good flowability. Low oxygen powders result in clean microstructures and low inclusion levels in the finished parts.

  • Particle size distribution

    Powder for Additive Manufacturing

    Osprey® metal powder for Additive Manufacturing is available in a wide range of particle size distributions that are tailored to the individual Additive Manufacturing systems. They can also be tailored to the particular requirements of the end application, both in terms of mechanical performance and surface finish.

    Typical particle size distributions for Additive Manufacturing.

    Typical particle size distributions for Additive Manufacturing
    Process technology Size (µm)
    Binder jetting ≤ 16, ≤ 22, ≤ 32, ≤ 38, ≤ 45
    Laser - Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 15 to 53 and 10 to 45
    Electron beam - Powder Bed Fusion (E-PBF) 45 to 106
    Direct Energy Deposition (DED) 53 to 150

    Tailor-made particle size distributions are available on request. Contact us to discuss your specific requirements.

  • Mechanical properties

    The table below displays typical mechanical properties for as-built powder bed fusion – laser beam evaluated in room temperature. Material properties are given in two material conditions, as built and heat treated. The heat treatment was performed by a solution treatment at 1060 °C for 20 minutes followed by quenching in water and annealing at 870 °C for 1 h followed by air cooling.

    Mechanical properties, metric units
    Condition Test temperature Direction Proof strength Tensile strength E-modulus Elongation
    Rp0.2 Rm A
    MPa MPa MPa1 %
    L-PBF, as built Room temp. Horizontal 954 1089 217 19.0
    L-PBF, as built Room temp. Vertical 840 1033 187 18.9
    L-PBF, heat treated Room temp. Horizontal 360 616 220 26.6
    L-PBF, heat treated Room temp. Vertical 342 554 197 30.6
    L-PBF, heat treated 500 °C Horizontal 268 401 173 33.8
    L-PBF, heat treated 500 °C Vertical 263 387 140 35.4

    1 x103

    Mechanical properties, imperial units
    Condition Test temperature Direction Proof strength Tensile strength E-modulus Elongation
    Rp0.2 Rm A
    ksi ksi ksi1 %
    L-PBF, as built Room temp. Horizontal 138 158 31.5 19.0
    L-PBF, as built Room temp. Vertical 122 150 27.1 18.9
    L-PBF, heat treated Room temp. Horizontal 52 89 31.9 26.6
    L-PBF, heat treated Room temp. Vertical 50 80 28.6 30.6
    L-PBF, heat treated 500 °C Horizontal 38.9 58.2 25.1 33.8
    L-PBF, heat treated 500 °C Vertical 38.1 56.1 20.3 35.4

    1 x103

    Source: Sandvik and Uppsala University.

  • Physical properties

    Wrought material data

    • Density: 7.7 g/cm3, 0.28 lb/in3
    • Thermal conductivity: 17 W/mK to 23 W/mK
    • Coefficient of thermal expansion: 10.0 10-6 K-1
    • Melting point: 1290°C to 1350°C (2354°F to 2462°F)

  • Creep resistance

    Creep resistance has been measured and the results are as follows:

    Condition Stress Time to rupture Elongation at rupture
    MPa h %
    Annealed 10 2946 48
    Annealed 9 5751 43
    Annealed 8 7470 44
    Annealed 7.7* 10 000 N/A
    Annealed 12.9* 1000 N/A

    *Extrapolated values based on the assumption that there is a linear relationship between log (stress) and log (time to rupture). Karlsson, D.et al.. Relationship between Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Creep Behavior of a Cr-Rich Ferritic Stainless Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Alloys 2022, 1, 263–276.

  • Testing

    All Osprey® metal powders are supplied with a certificate of analysis containing information on the chemical composition and particle size distribution. Information on other powder characteristics is available upon request.

  • Packaging

    A wide range of packaging options is available, from 5kgs plastic bottles to 250kg metal drums.

    5 kg (11 lbs) Plastic bottles
    6 kg (13 lbs) Plastic bottles
    10 kg (22 lbs) Plastic bottles
    20 kg (44 lbs) Metal cans
    100 kg (220 lbs) Steel drums
    150 kg (330 lbs) Steel drums
    250 kg (551 lbs) Steel drums
    All packaging materials are suitable for air, sea and road freight.

    Contact us for more information and to discuss your packaging requirements.

Disclaimer: Data and recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a powder for a specific process or application can be confirmed only when we know the actual conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without notice. This datasheet is only valid for Osprey® powder.

Range of ferritic stainless steel

Osprey® Standards Fe C Cr Si Mn Mo S P N Nb Ti Ni
430 UNS S43000 / EN No. 1.4016 Bal. 0.12 16.0-18.0 1.0 1.0 - 0.03 0.04 - - - - 430
430L UNS 43000 Bal. 0.03 16.0-18.0 1.0 1.0 - 0.03 0.04 - - - - 430L
434 UNS S43400 / EN No. 1.4113 Bal. 0.12 16.0-18.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.03 0.04 - - - - 434
441 UNS S43940 Bal. 0.005-0.030 17.5-19.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 - < 0.040 < 0.040 - 0.70-0.95 0.2-0.6 < 1.0 441
446 UNS S44600 Bal. < 0.2 26.0-29.0 < 1.0 < 1.5 - < 0.015 < 0.040 0.15-0.25 - - -
For more information

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